Attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae to human pharyngeal epithelial cells.

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae are major respiratory pathogens. They attach to the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract. This attachment is the first contact with the host tissues and may determine whether the bacteria will colonize the mucosa and cause infection. Conversely, if attachment is inhibited, the infection may be prevented. Our studies have defined the mechanisms of pneumococcal attachment as a specific interaction between bacterial proteins and epithelial cell glycoconjugates. The free oligosaccharide blocks adhesion. So does human milk, which contains the receptor oligosaccharides. The accessibility of receptors is likely to be influenced by secreted substances like mucins, surfactant, etc. The effect of such components has not been evaluated. Ambroxol, bromhexin, as well as secretions from individuals treated with the substances may have such activity.